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Stringed musical instrument

Bağlama
Different sizes of bağlama: Cura (left, smallest) and Çöğür bağlaması/Tambura Bağlaması (right, middle sized)
String instrument
Classification
Related instruments
Sound sample
Saz Sound

The bağlama or saz is a long-necked fretted lute used in the folk music of Turkey and neighbouring regions of the Balkans, Middle East and Central Asia.[1] It belongs to the wider family of long-necked lutes known as Tanburs, a group of instruments historically distributed from Iran and Mesopotamia across Central Asia and Anatolia.[2]

Musicologists classify the saz as part of the tanbur family of long-necked lutes.[3]

Within this broader organological tradition, the modern saz developed in Anatolia as the principal folk lute of Turkish folk music and became closely associated with the repertoire of itinerant poet-musicians known as âşıks.[4]

Name

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According to The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, "the terms 'bağlama' and 'saz' are used somewhat interchangeably in Turkey. 'Saz' is generally used interchangeably with 'enstrüman' (instrument) and it is used to refer single or group of musical instruments like 'üflemeli sazlar' (wind instruments).[5]

Bağlama scale

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The musical scale of the bağlama differs from that of many western instruments – such as the guitar – in that it features ratios that are close to quarter tones. The traditional ratios for bağlama frets are listed by Yalçın Tura:[6]

However, as confirmed by Okan Öztürk,[7] instrument makers now often set frets on the bağlama with the aid of fret calculators[8] and tuners based on the 24-tone equal temperament. The frets include the 12 tones within 12-tone equal temperament, along with 5 more. This means that 12 tone songs can be played on the Bağlama.

Tunings

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The Turkish bağlama has a variety of tunings (düzen), associated with different regional traditions. The list below presents some of the most common tunings and their commonly used names. String order is given as Bottom, Middle, Top.

Tunings are defined relative to a reference system in which the bottom string is presumed to be A and then the other notes are derived accordingly. The instrument then may be transposed to a different absolute pitch level.[9][10][11]

Notable performers

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Asik Veysel was a bağlama virtuoso, and the prominent representative of the Anatolian ashik tradition in the 20th century.
Erdinç Ecevit Yıldız from the band Altın Gün performs with an electric bağlama.

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Oxford University Press. The terms bağlama and saz are used somewhat interchangeably in Turkey.
  2. ↑ During, Jean. The Spirit of Sounds: The Unique Art of Ostad Elahi. Associated University Press. The tanbur is an ancient long-necked lute of Iranian origin whose descendants spread widely across the Middle East and Central Asia.
  3. ↑ History of lute-family instruments. The tanbur family includes bağlama (saz) and related long-necked lutes.
  4. ↑ Music in Turkey: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture. Oxford University Press. The bağlama or saz is the central instrument of Turkish folk music and the traditional accompaniment of the âşık poets.
  5. ↑
  6. ↑ Yalçın Tura, "Türk Musikisinin Mes'eleleri". İstanbul, Pan Yayıncılık, 1988, ISBN 975-7652-02-4. See page 159.
  7. ↑ Zhudki, Aleh. "O. ÖZTÜRK: FROM SEVENTEEN TO TWENTY-FOUR: INSTRUMENTS OF BAĞLAMA FAMILY AND TRADITIONAL TONE SYSTEM". academia.edu. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  8. ↑ "Bağlamada Perde Ayarları". www.turkuler.com. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  9. ↑ "Bağlama tunings".
  10. ↑ "Bağlama tunings".
  11. ↑ "Azerbaijiani saz tunings".
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