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Rapid transit system in Zhejiang, China

Hangzhou Metro
Overview
OwnerCity of Hangzhou
LocaleHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines13
Number of stations270
Daily ridership2,461,300 (2021 avg.)
5,815,800 (31 December 2025, Peak)[1]
Operation
Began operationNovember 24, 2012; 13 years ago (2012-11-24)
Operator(s)Hangzhou Metro Corporation (Line 2, Line 3, Line 4, Line 6, Line 7, Line 8, Line 9, Line 10, Line 16, Line 19)
MTR Corporation (Hangzhou) (Line 1, Line 5)
Technical
System length516 km (321 mi)[2] (metro lines only, excluding Hanghai line)
562 km (349 mi) (metro + commuter rail, including Hanghai line)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
System map

‹See RfD›

Hangzhou Metro
Simplified Chinese杭州地铁
Traditional Chinese杭州地鐵
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinHángzhōu Dìtiě
Wu
Romanizationhhaan tseu di thiq

The Hangzhou Metro (Chinese: 杭州地铁) is a rapid transit system that serves Hangzhou, the capital city of Zhejiang province, China. The system opened on November 24, 2012.[3] It is the 17th city in China to operate a rapid transit system.

Network

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There are currently 12 lines in operation. The adjacent Shaoxing Metro connects the system at Guniangqiao station on Line 5, and the Hangzhou-Haining Intercity Rail connects to the system at Linpingnan Railway Station on Line 9.

The Hangzhou Metro has the only metro system map in China whose first seven lines follow the hue order of the rainbow colors.[5]

Hangzhou Metro Map

Lines

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Line Terminals
(District)		 Commencement Newest
Extension		 Length
km		 Stations Operator
 1  Xianghu
(Xiaoshan)		 Xiaoshan International Airport (Xiaoshan) November 24, 2012 December 30, 2020 53.1 33
 2  Chaoyang
(Xiaoshan)		 Liangzhu
(Yuhang)		 November 24, 2014 December 27, 2017 43.3[6] 33
 3  Xingqiao
(Linping)		 Wushanqiancun
(Yuhang)

Shima (Xihu)

 February 21, 2022 September 22, 2022 57.5[7] 37
 4  Chihua Street
(Xihu)		 Puyan
(Binjiang)		 February 2, 2015 February 21, 2022 46.8 32
 5  East Nanhu
(Yuhang)		 Guniangqiao
(Xiaoshan)		 June 24, 2019 January 1, 2025 56.0 40
 6  Goujulong
(Shangcheng)		 West Guihua Road
(Fuyang)
Shuangpu
(Xihu)		 December 30, 2020 November 6, 2021 58.5 34
 7  Jiangdong'er Road
(Qiantang)		 Wushan Square
(Shangcheng)		 April 1, 2022 47.5 24
 8  South Wenhai Road
(Qiantang)		 Xinwan Road
(Qiantang)		 June 28, 2021 – 17.2 9
 9  Guanyintang
(Shangcheng)		 Long'an
(Linping)		 July 10, 2021 April 1, 2022 29.5 19
 10  Yisheng Road
(Yuhang)		 Huanglong Sports Center
(Xihu)		 February 21, 2022 September 22, 2022 14.7 12
 16  Lvting Road
(Yuhang)		 Jiuzhou Street
(Lin'an)		 April 23, 2020 – 35.1[8] 12
 19  West Railway Station
(Yuhang)		 Yongsheng Road
(Xiaoshan)		 September 22, 2022 – 59.14 17[a]
Total 516[2] 300

History

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Initial plans

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The planning for a metro system in the city started in the 1990s and was about to start construction works in September 2003, but the State Council suspended construction works due to increasing costs. The state council approved the construction and operation of a rapid transit system by the Hangzhou Subway Group Co. Ltd in Hangzhou on June 5, 2005.[9] The preliminary design for the first line, Line 1, was approved on January 11, 2007, by the Development and Reform Commission after four days of study. It would be 47.97 km (29.81 mi) long, of which 41.36 km (25.70 mi) is underground, 6.14 km (3.82 mi) elevated, and 0.47 km (0.29 mi) at grade.[10]

Construction

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Wulin Square station
Evolution of the network

Construction of the first phase of Hangzhou Metro Line 1 began on March 28, 2007, with subsequent phases beginning later in that year. The first phase included three underground stations in Qianjiang New City. Jiubao East Station is the biggest station along Line 1 and will be a hub for the future metro system and other forms of public transport.[4] The funding of Line 1 came from both the city government and the banks, with 10.2 billion yuan and 5 billion yuan respectively. The first phase construction was estimated to be 45 billion yuan.[9]

In January 2009, it was announced that MTR Corporation would invest in a 22 billion-yuan ($3.2 billion) / 25-year / 49% share joint venture with the Hangzhou government to operate Line 1 of the metro.[11]

The first section of Line 4 opened for trial operation on February 2, 2015.[12

Accident

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On November 15, 2008, a 75-metre (246 ft 1 in) section of the tunnel near Fengqing Avenue in Xiaoshan District collapsed while under construction,[16] killing 17 people.[17]

Future expansions

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Under construction

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YearsLinesSectionTerminalsLength

(km)

 StationsNotes & References
2026  Hangde  Phase I Renhe North Deqing High-speed Railway Station 25.9 9 [18][19]

Phase IV Expansion

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On November 14, 2022 the NDRC approved the 4th Phase Expansion plan consisting of 152.9 km of new lines.[20]

Years Line Length
km		 Stations Notes
Before 2027  3  Phase II 7.5 5 Under Construction[21]
 4  Phase III West 5 4 Under Construction[21][22]
 4  Phase III South 5 5 Under Construction[21][22]
 9  Phase II 10.1 7 Under Construction[21][22]
 10  Phase II 5.8 3 Under Construction[22]
 10  Phase III 5 2
 12  Phase I North 24.3 14 Under Construction[21]
 12  Phase I South 1.7 1 Under Construction[21]
 15  Phase I 40.5 30 Under Construction[21][22]
 18  Phase I 48 19 Under Construction[22]
Total 152.9 90

Notes

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  1. ↑ Includes unopened station Jingchang Road. Excludes unopened Tiaoxi to the west.

References

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  1. ↑ "581.58万人次！新纪录，有你吗". Retrieved January 25, 2026.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. 1 2 "运营总里程达516公里 9月22日杭州地铁三期线网将全部贯通". September 21, 2022. Archived from the original on September 22, 2022.
  3. ↑ "本网快讯：杭州地铁时代即将来临 1号线24日开通". Archived from the original on June 17, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2012.
  4. 1 2 Kat Jiang, "Hangzhou to build metro system Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Shanghai Daily, 2007-03-01
  5. ↑ "七色彩虹！ 杭州地铁每条线颜色是怎么出炉的？看揭秘". Archived from the original on July 1, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  6. ↑ "今天17时，地铁2号线全程开通 从头坐到尾只需77分钟". December 27, 2017. Archived from the original on October 16, 2019. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
  7. ↑ "三线齐发！今天11时，杭州地铁3号线首通段、4号线二期、10号线首通段开通". February 21, 2022. Archived from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
  8. ↑ "杭州地铁16号线开通在即 余杭到临安不到38分钟". April 9, 2020. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  9. 1 2 Tang Fuchun, Hangzhou Subway Planning Approved Archived February 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, china.org.cn, 2005-06-16
  10. ↑ "Design of Hangzhou Metro Line No.1 Brings Convenience to Passengers". January 11, 2007. Archived from the original on May 22, 2011.
  11. ↑ "MTR to Operate, Invest in $3.2 Billion Subway in Eastern China". bloomberg.com. January 16, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
  12. ↑ "experimental operation on Metro Line 4 first section, February 2". hangzhou.gov.cn (in Chinese). February 2, 2015. Archived from the original on February 4, 2015. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
  13. ↑ "杭州地铁三期10条线路获批 计划亚运会前建成". December 21, 2016. Archived from the original on April 18, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
  14. ↑ "[浙江]杭州地铁2号线西北段开通 22分钟城西飞驰到城东(图)". news.sina.com.cn. July 5, 2017. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
  15. ↑ "穩增長 內地掀新一波城市軌道建設熱 - 香港經濟日報 - 中國頻道 - 經濟". china.hket.com. Archived from the original on August 23, 2018. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
  16. ↑ http://www.shanghaidaily.com/article/?id=380858&type=National [dead link]
  17. ↑ "Deaths from PRC's worst subway accident hit 17". Archived from the original on March 5, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2008.
  18. ↑ "杭州至德清市域铁路工程环境影响评价第一次公示". huzdq.zjzwfw.gov.cn. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
  19. ↑ "杭州至湖州德清市域鐵路工程開工". zj.people.com.cn. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
  20. ↑ "官宣：杭州地铁四期规划（2022-2027年）获批！线路走向图公布-杭州新闻中心-杭州网". hznews.hangzhou.com.cn. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 腾讯网 (April 3, 2024). "3号线二期，4号线三期，还有18号线，杭州地铁四期最新建设进展看这里！_腾讯新闻". news.qq.com (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved January 28, 2025.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 腾讯网 (October 17, 2024). "好消息！杭州地铁四期建设有新进展，涉及5条线路_腾讯新闻". news.qq.com (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved January 28, 2025.
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