| Millennia |
|---|
| Centuries |
|
| The Stone Age |
|---|
| ↑ before Homo (Pliocene) |
|
Paleolithic (3.3 Mya - 12 ka)
Mesolithic (20 ka - 5 ka) Neolithic (12 ka - 4 ka) |
| ↓ Chalcolithic |
The 18th millennium BC spanned the years 18,000 BC to 17,001 BC (c. 20 ka to c. 19 ka). This millennium is during the Upper Paleolithic period. It is impossible to precisely date events that happened during this millennium, and all dates associated with this millennium are estimates mostly based on geological analysis, anthropological analysis, and radiometric dating.
Geology
[edit]Human culture
[edit]The formation of the swastika sign occurs in the Sagittarius era during this millennium.[1] Within the Solutrean tradition, ranging from the 23rd to the 17th millennium BC, pressure flaking is used mainly in the production of small projectile points, but also in the final retouch of larger laurel-leaf points.[2] Around this time, the Bull Cult painted in the Lascaux caves.[3] As the European roots of the Bull Cult in the 18th millennium BC Caves at Lascaux with the painted aurochs and bison demonstrate, even earlier hunter-gatherer human communities revered several breeds of cattle, notably the Bull.[4][5] With the state of research today, it is extremely difficult to recreate the Proto-Ainu language, which was spoken about in the 18th millennium BC.[6]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Bondarchuk 2019, p. 89.
- ^ Desrosiers 2012, p. 267.
- ^ Dendrinos 2015a, p. 81.
- ^ Dendrinos 2015b, p. 37.
- ^ Dendrinos 2015b, p. 25.
- ^ Nonno 2015, p. 38.
Bibliography
[edit]Books
[edit]- Desrosiers, Pierre M. (13 March 2012). The Emergence of Pressure Blade Making: from Origin to Modern Experimentation. Springer New York. p. 267. ISBN 9781461420033. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
Journals
[edit]- Bondarchuk, Yaroslava (2019). "The Emergence of the Symbol of the Meander as a Manifestation of the Religious Vision of the World by the Palaeolithic Man" (PDF). The Culturology Ideas (in Dutch). 15 (1): 89. doi:10.37627/2311-9489-15-2019-1.83-89. S2CID 216793913. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
Conference reports
[edit]- Dendrinos, Dimitrios S. (September 2015a). On Certain Key Architectural Elements of the Kasta Tumulus. A Truly Ecumenical Structure Linking Newgrange, through Mesopotamia and Egypt to Amphipolis. University of Kansas, USA: On Certain Key Architectural Elements of the Kasta Tumulus. p. 81. Retrieved 9 June 2023 – via ResearchGate.
- Dendrinos, Dimitrios S. (13 September 2015b). From Newgrange to Stonehenge: Monuments to a Bull Cult and Origins of Innovation. The morphology of Stonehenge and Newgrange. Ormond Beach, Florida: School of Architecture and Urban Design. p. 37. Retrieved 13 June 2023 – via ResearchGate.
- Nonno, Tresi (March 2015). Critical Notes on "A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu" (PDF). General notes on Vovin’s methodology. Vol. 1. Chiba, Japan: MA in Sociocultural Anthropology. p. 38. Retrieved 14 June 2023 – via academia.edu.