Chinese
[edit]small; tiny; few small; tiny; few; young |
heart; mind | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (小心) |
小 | 心 | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): siu2 sam1
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhiau2 lhim1*
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): siu2 sam1
- Hakka
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sieo3 sing1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Suzhou, Wugniu): 5siau3-sin1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎoxīn
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siǎosin
- Wade–Giles: hsiao3-hsin1
- Yale: syǎu-syīn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheaushin
- Palladius: сяосинь (sjaosinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: siu2 sam1
- Yale: síu sām
- Cantonese Pinyin: siu2 sam1
- Guangdong Romanization: xiu2 sem1
- Sinological IPA (key): /siːu̯³⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhiau2 lhim1*
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬiau⁵⁵ ɬim³³⁻³³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: séu-sîm
- Hakka Romanization System: seuˋ ximˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: seu3 xim1
- Sinological IPA: /seu̯³¹ sim²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: siauˊ simˋ
- Sinological IPA: /siau²⁴⁻³³ sim⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sieo3 sing1 [Phonetic: sieo5 sing1]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sâ̤u-sing
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬieu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ɬiŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sieo3 sing1 [Phonetic: sieo5 sing1]
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬieu³³²⁻²¹ ɬiŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: sjewX sim
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 小 | 心 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) | 侵 (139) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 私兆切 | 息林切 |
| Baxter | sjewX | sim |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/siᴇuX/ | /siɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/siɛuX/ | /sim/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/sjæuX/ | /sjem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/siawX/ | /sim/ |
| Li Rong |
/siɛuX/ | /siəm/ |
| Wang Li |
/sĭɛuX/ | /sĭĕm/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren |
/si̯ɛuX/ | /si̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
xiǎo | xīn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
siu2 | sam1 |
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ewʔ səm/
- (Zhengzhang): /*smewʔ slɯm/
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 小 | 心 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
xiǎo | xīn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ sjewX › | ‹ sim › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[s]ewʔ/ | /*səm/ |
| English | small | heart |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 小 | 心 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13705 | 13801 |
| Phonetic component |
小 | 心 |
| Rime group |
宵 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
小 | 心 |
| Old Chinese |
/*smewʔ/ | /*slɯm/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象沙而指小， 指事字 |
|
Verb
[edit]小心
- (transitive) to be careful of something; to mind; to beware of
- 小心碰頭。／小心碰头。 ― Xiǎoxīn pèngtóu. ― Mind your head.
- 小心滑倒。 ― Xiǎoxīn huá dǎo. ― Caution — slippery.
- 小心障礙。／小心障碍。 ― Xiǎoxīn zhàng'ài. ― Beware of obstructions.
- 小心玻璃。 ― Xiǎoxīn bōli. ― Caution — glass door.
- 小心燙傷。／小心烫伤。 ― Xiǎoxīn tàngshāng. ― Caution — hot water.
- 小心灼傷。／小心灼伤。 ― Xiǎoxīn zhuóshāng. ― Caution — hot surface.
- 小心落水。 ― Xiǎoxīn luòshuǐ. ― Warning — deep water.
- 小心地滑。 ― Xiǎoxīn dì huá. ― Caution — slippery when wet. (literally, “Be careful of the floor being slippery.”)
- 请小心空隙。 ― Qǐng xiǎoxīn kōng xì. ― Please Mind The Gap. (literally, “Please be careful of the gaps.”) This announcement is played on the Singapore MRT to remind commuters to mind the platform gap.
- (intransitive) to take care; to be careful
- (archaic, intransitive) to worry; to have misgivings
- (archaic, intransitive) to be small-minded
Synonyms
[edit]Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “to take care”): 粗心 (cūxīn)
[edit]
小心
Synonyms
[edit]Dialectal synonyms of 小心 (“careful”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 小心 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 小心 |
| Taiwan | 小心 | |
| Malaysia | 小心 | |
| Singapore | 小心 | |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 小心 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 小心 |
| Hong Kong | 小心 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 小心 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 小心 | |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 細義 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 細義 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 細義 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 細義 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 細義 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 細義 | |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 細膩 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 細膩 |
| Quanzhou | 細膩 | |
| Zhangzhou | 細膩 | |
| Kaohsiung | 細膩 | |
| Yilan | 細膩 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 細膩 | |
| Taichung | 細膩 | |
| Taichung (Wuqi) | 細膩 | |
| Tainan | 細膩 | |
| Taitung | 細膩 | |
| Hsinchu | 細膩 | |
| Kinmen | 細膩 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 細膩 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 細膩, 小心 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 細膩, 小心 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 細膩, 小心 | |
| Puning | 小心 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 小心 | |
| Wenchang | 細心 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 細心 | |
- 不苟 (bùgǒu) (formal)
- 仔細 / 仔细 (zǐxì)
- 嚴 / 严 (yán)
- 嚴肅 / 严肃 (yánsù)
- 嚴謹 / 严谨 (yánjǐn)
- 墘角 (gièng-gáe̤k) (Eastern Min)
- 密切 (mìqiè)
- 審慎 / 审慎 (shěnshèn) (formal)
- 對重 / 对重 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 慎密 (shènmì)
- 慎重 (shènzhòng)
- 慘淡 / 惨淡 (cǎndàn)
- 持重 (chízhòng)
- 板正 (bǎnzhèng)
- 正經 / 正经
- 當心 / 当心 (dāngxīn)
- 精心 (jīngxīn)
- 精細 / 精细 (jīngxì)
- 細心 / 细心 (xìxīn)
- 細膩 / 细腻 (xìnì) (Min)
- 致重 (Hokkien)
- 認真 / 认真 (rènzhēn)
- 謹嚴 / 谨严 (jǐnyán)
- 謹慎 / 谨慎 (jǐnshèn)
- 較真 / 较真 (jiàozhēn) (colloquial)
- 過細 / 过细 (guòxì)
- 鞠躬 (jūgōng) (literary)
- 頂真 / 顶真 (dǐngzhēn) (dialectal)
Antonyms
[edit]Interjection
[edit]小心
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Categories:
- Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation
- Cantonese terms with audio pronunciation
- Chinese lemmas
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