心 U+5FC3, 心 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FC3 ← 忂 [U+5FC2] CJK Unified Ideographs 忄 → [U+5FC4]

⼼ U+2F3C, ⼼ KANGXI RADICAL HEART ← ⼻ [U+2F3B] Kangxi Radicals ⼽ → [U+2F3D]

Stroke order

Stroke order

• 忄 (when used as a left Chinese radical)
• 㣺 (sometimes found as a bottom Chinese radical in characters such as 慕)

心 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+0, 4 strokes, Cangjie input 心 (P), four-corner 3300₀, composition ⿲丿⿺乚丶丶 or ⿲丿⿺㇃丶丶)

1. Kangxi radical #61, ⼼.

When written as a bottom radical, 心 is similar to 灬 (fire radical) but is distinguished by the second stroke from the left being longer, passing under the third stroke.

• Appendix:Chinese radical/心
• 伈, 吣, 抋, 沁, 杺, 訫, 鈊, 吢, 孞, 芯, 窓, 虑, 闷, 徳, 聴, 䧭, 䏋

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 375, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10295
• Dae Jaweon: page 700, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2267, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5FC3

simp. and trad.		心
alternative forms		⺗ 㣺 忄

Pictogram (象形) – a heart, now highly stylized.

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *səm.

心

1. heart (Classifier: 顆／颗 m; 個／个 c; 粒 mn)

   心臟／心脏  ―  xīnzàng  ―  heart

2. chest; breast; epigastrium; stomach

   心口  ―  xīnkǒu  ―  chest; pit of the stomach

3. mind; intellect; the seat of thought

   • 心之官則思。 [MSC, trad.]
     心之官则思。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 孟子·告子上

     Xīn zhī guān zé sī. [Pinyin]

     The function of the mind is to think.

4. thought; idea; feeling; emotion

   心事  ―  xīnshì  ―  something on one's mind; worry

5. intention; will; purpose; aspiration

   存心  ―  cúnxīn  ―  intentionally; deliberately

6. disposition; nature; temperament; character

   心地  ―  xīndì  ―  one's moral nature

7. care; concern; attention

   留心  ―  liúxīn  ―  to pay attention

8. center; middle; interior; core; essence; crux

   核心  ―  héxīn  ―  core

9. (botany) the bud, shoot, pistil, thorn or tip of a plant

   菜心  ―  càixīn  ―  flowering stem; heart of a vegetable

   花心  ―  huāxīn  ―  flower core; pistil

10. filling; stuffing (of a bun, dumpling, etc.)

    肉心包子  ―  ròuxīnbāozǐ  ―  meat-filled bun

11. (～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Heart (the fifth of the seven mansions of the Azure Dragon and one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions)

    Synonyms: 商 (shāng), 辰 (chén)

• (heart): 心臟／心脏 (xīnzàng); (Xiang) 圞心／𪢮心, 懷心／怀心

Others:

• → Vietnamese: tim (“heart”)
• → Zhuang: sim

• “心”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “心”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01305
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “心”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 203.

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

1. heart
2. mind
3. core

• Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)^{←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)^{←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)}
• Kun: こころ (kokoro, 心, Jōyō)、うら (ura, 心)
• Nanori: うち (uchi)、きよ (kiyo)、ご (go)、ごり (gori)、さね (sane)、なか (naka)、まこと (makoto)、み (mi)、むね (mune)、もと (moto)、のぞみ (nozomi)

• 心算(つもり) (tsumori)
• 稈心(みご) (migo)

Kanji in this term
心
こころ Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
情 (rare) 意 (rare)

⟨ko₂ko₂ro₂⟩ → */kəkərə/ → /kokoro/

From Old Japanese 心 (ko₂ko₂ro₂), ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kəkərə. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.^[1]

Compare Okinawan 心 (kukuru).

• IPA^(key): [ko̞ko̞ɾo̞]

• Audio:

  (file)

• (Tokyo) こころ [kòkóróꜜ] (Odaka – [3])^[2][3]
• (Tokyo) こころ [kòkóꜜrò] (Nakadaka – [2])^[2][3]
• (Tokyo) こころ [kóꜜkòrò] (Atamadaka – [1]) proper name

• (Kyōto) こ​ころ (Kōki)

Historical pitch accent

(Heian, Kamakura) こころ

(Northern and Southern Courts) こころ

(Muromachi, Edo) こころ or こころ

心(こころ) • (kokoro) 

1. mind, heart, spirit, soul; thoughts, ideas

   心(こころ)の底(そこ)から ― kokoro no soko kara ― from the bottom of one's heart

   人(ひと)の心(こころ)を奪(うば)う ― hito no kokoro o ubau ― to steal someone's heart → to captivate someone

   • 2007 March 16, CLAMP, “Chapitre(シャピトル).134(ひゃくさんじゅうよん) 唯(ゆい)一(いつ)の存(そん)在(ざい) [Chapitre 134: The Only One]”, in ツバサ ＲＥＳＥＲＶｏｉｒ ＣＨＲｏＮｉＣＬＥ [Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle], volume 18 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, pages 31–32:

     ‥‥それでも行(い)きます　小(シャオ)狼(ラン)君(くん)の心(こころ)を取(と)り戻(もど)す為(ため)に

     ‥‥Sore demo ikimasu Shaoran-kun no kokoro o torimodosu tame ni

     …Even so, I will go on, to get back Xiaolang-kun’s heart

2. attention, mind, interest

   心(こころ)ここにあらず ― kokoro koko ni arazu ― absent-minded

3. heart, feelings, emotion, emotional state

   心(こころ)温(あたた)まる風(ふう)景(けい) ― kokoro atatamaru fūkei ― a heart-warming situation

4. wholeheartedness, sincerity, true heart

   心(こころ)のこもっていない ― kokoro no komotteinai ― not sincere

   心(こころ)のこもった ― kokoro no komotta ― sincere

   心(こころ)なき仕(し)業(わざ) ― kokoro naki shiwaza ― cruel deed

5. sympathy, heart, consideration, generous disposition

   心(こころ)がない ― kokoro ga nai ― heartless

6. a meaning, essence

   その心(こころ)が分(わ)かっていない ― sono kokoro ga wakatteinai ― not understanding what it really means

7. an answer (to a riddle, etc.)

   その心(こころ)は ― sono kokoro wa ― the answer is

8. the heart as an organ in the body

   Synonym: 心臓 (shinzō)

9. the chest

   Synonym: 胸 (mune)

10. the title of a book

    Synonym: 書名 (shomei)

• While typically written as 心, the alternative spellings 情 or 意 are occasionally used to convey specific nuances. Using 情 emphasizes the heart as the seat of emotions, feelings, or responses to external stimuli (often associated with the concept of mono no aware). Conversely, using 意 emphasizes the heart as the seat of will, intent, or intellectual thought.
• The pitch accent of this word has undergone significant historical changes, as documented by sources such as the Nihon Kokugo Daijiten (NKD). During the Heian and Kamakura periods, the accent was Low‐Low‐High (recorded in the NKD as ○○●).
• By the Muromachi and Edo periods, the accent had shifted toward the front of the word, branching into High‐Low‐Low (●○○) and High‐High‐Low (●●○) variations. Additional sources note a transitional form during the Northern and Southern Courts period.
• This historical divergence resulted in a modern regional split. The Kyoto accent descended directly from the High‐Low‐Low variation, retaining a head‐high Type 1 (頭高型 (atamadaka-gata)) pitch accent. Meanwhile, the Tokyo standard descended from the High‐High‐Low variation. Because traditional Eastern Japanese dialects mandate that the first two morae of an uncompounded word must differ in pitch (a phenomenon known as initial lowering), the first mora was forced low, producing the modern Type 2 (中高型 (nakadaka-gata)) Low‐High‐Low pattern.
• In modern standard Japanese, the accent is undergoing a further shift. As with many three‐mora nouns, the Type 3 (尾高型 (odaka-gata)) pronunciation has become extremely common, to the point that major dictionaries (such as NHK and Daijirin) list both Type 2 and Type 3 as standard.
• When used as a proper noun (such as a given name), it frequently retains the head‐high Type 1 (頭高型 (atamadaka-gata)) pitch accent.

• 心(こころ)のまま (kokoro no mama)
• 心(こころ)を動(うご)かす (kokoro o ugokasu)
• 心(こころ)を配(くば)る (kokoro o kubaru)

心(こころ) • (Kokoro) 

1. a unisex given name

Kanji in this term
心
うら Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.

Cognate with 裏 (ura, “inside”) and 浦 (ura, “inlet”).

• IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ɾa̠]
• (Tokyo) うら [ùráꜜ] (Odaka – [2])

心(うら) • (ura) 

1. a heart, inner feelings

• 占(うら), 卜(うら) (ura)
• 心(うら)もなし (ura mo nashi)

心(うら) • (ura-) 

1. expresses heartfelt feeling

• 心(うら)悲(がな)しい
• 心(うら)寂(さび)しい, 心(うら)淋(さび)しい (urasabishii)

Kanji in this term
心
しん Grade: 2
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
芯 (center)

/simʉ/ → */ɕimʉ/ → /ɕiɴ/

From Middle Chinese 心 (MC sim).

The Buddhist sense is a translation of Pali and Sanskrit चित्त (citta).

• IPA^(key): [ɕĩɴ]
• (Tokyo) しん [shíꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2][3]

心(しん) • (shin) 

1. a heart, mind, core
2. a spirit, vitality
3. inner strength, marrow
4. the center of something:
   1. 心, 芯: the core (for example, of a fruit)
   2. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
5. 心, 芯: a wick
6. (Buddhism) citta: the ego or spirit

   Synonyms: 主観 (shukan), 精神 (seishin)

   Antonym: 色 (shiki)

7. (Buddhism) short for 心王 (shinnō): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
8. the heart as an organ in the body
9. lead (as of a pencil)
10. padding
11. a companion, fellow

    Synonyms: 友達 (tomodachi), 仲間 (nakama)

12. the center of focus:
    1. the important part

       Synonym: 主脳 (shunō)

    2. (theater) alternative spelling of 真 (shin): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
13. a basis, foundation

    Synonyms: 基礎 (kiso), 根拠 (konkyo)

心(しん) • (shin) 

1. short for 心臓 (shinzō): heart as an organ in the body
2. short for 心頭 (shintō): heart, mind, spirit
3. short for 中心 (chūshin): center, middle

心(しん) • (Shin) 

1. (Chinese astronomy) the Heart constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions

   Synonyms: 商星 (Shōsei), 心宿 (Shinshuku), 中子星 (Nakagoboshi)

   Hypernyms: 青竜, 二十八宿

2. a male or female given name
3. a surname

• “心”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[4] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

From Middle Chinese 心 (MC sim).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	심 (Yale: sìm)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[5]	ᄆᆞᅀᆞᆷ (Yale: mòzòm)	심 (Yale: sìm)

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɕʰim]
• Phonetic hangul: [심]

心 (eumhun 마음 심 (ma'eum sim))

1. hanja form^? of 심 (“heart; feeling; emotion”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [6]

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

• On (unclassified): しん (shin, Jōyō)
• Kun: くくる (kukuru, 心)、ふくまーみ (fukumāmi)

Kanji in this term
心
くくる Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From Proto-Ryukyuan *kokoro.

Cognate with mainland Japanese 心(こころ) (kokoro).

• (Shuri-Naha) くくる [kùkúrú] (Heiban - [0])
• IPA^(key): [kukuɾu]

心(くくる) (kukuru) 

1. a heart, mind, spirit

   Synonym: 肝 (chimu)

Kanji in this term
心
ふくまーみ Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From 肺 (fuku, “lung”) +‎ 豆 (māmi, “bean”).

• IPA^(key): [fukumāmi]

心(ふくまーみ) (fukumāmi) 

1. (anatomy) a heart

Kanji in this term
心
しん Grade: 2
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
芯

From Middle Chinese 心 (MC sim).

• (Shuri-Naha) しん [shìn] (Heiban - [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɕiɴ]

心(しん) (shin) 

1. the center
2. 心, 芯: the core
3. 芯: a wick
4. a heart, mind, spirit

• 田心姫 (Tago₂ri-pi₁me₁)

From Proto-Japonic *kəkərə.

心 (ko₂ko₂ro₂) (kana こころ)

1. a heart, mind, spirit
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3466 [1]:

     麻可奈思美奴禮婆許登爾豆佐禰奈敝波己許呂乃緖呂爾能里弖可奈思母

     ma-kanasimi₁ nureba ko₂to₂ ni ’du sanenape₁ba ko₂ko₂ro₂ no₂ woro₂ ni no₂rite kanasi mo

     Sleeping with beautiful her, rumours spread; not sleeping [with her, my] heart-strings plucked in mine own sadness.

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4390:

     牟浪他麻乃久留爾久枳作之加多米等之以母加去去里波阿用久奈米加母

     muratama no₂ kuru ni kugi₁ sasi katame₂to₂si imo ka ko₂ko₂ro₂ pa ayo₁ku name₂ ka mo

     [Note: early scholars had interpreted the man’yōgana 里 as the intended ⟨ri⟩ rather than ⟨ro₂⟩, before Eastern Old Japanese vowel variations were discovered.]^[2][3]

2. an emotion, feeling
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 2, poem 144:

     磐代之野中爾立有結松情毛不解古所念

     Ipasiro₂-no₂-no₁naka ni tateru musubi₁matu ko₂ko₂ro₂ mo to₂ke₂zu inisipe₁ omopoyu

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. sympathy
4. treachery

• 心悲し (ko₂ko₂ro₂ganasi)
• 心寂し (ko₂ko₂ro₂sabusi)
• 吾が心 (aga ko₂ko₂ro₂)
• 二心 (putago₂ko₂ro₂)

• Japanese: 心 (kokoro)

Cognate with 裏 (ura, “inside”) and 浦 (ura, “inlet”).

心 (ura) (kana うら)

1. one’s heart, inner feelings

• 占, 卜 (ura)
• うらぐ (uragu)
• 心もなし (ura mo nasi)

• Japanese: 心 (ura)

心 (ura-) (kana うら)

1. expresses heartfelt feeling

• 心悲し (uraganasi)
• 心寂ぶ (urasabu)

心: Hán Việt readings: tâm (思(tư)林(lâm)切(thiết))^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
心: Nôm readings: tâm^[1][2][4][6], tấm^[3][7][4][6], tim^[1][3], tăm^[1]

1. chữ Hán form of tâm (“heart; feeling”)

心

1. Sawndip form of sim (“heart”)