来自cppreference.com
| 在标头 <algorithm> 定义
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| 调用签名 |
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template< std::forward_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1,
std::forward_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2,
class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity >
requires std::indirectly_comparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
constexpr ranges::subrange<I1>
find_end( I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2,
Pred pred = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {} );
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(1) | (C++20 起) |
template< ranges::forward_range R1, ranges::forward_range R2,
class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity >
requires std::indirectly_comparable<ranges::iterator_t<R1>,
ranges::iterator_t<R2>,
Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
constexpr ranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R1>
find_end( R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {},
Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {} );
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(2) | (C++20 起) |
template< /*execution-policy*/ Ep,
std::random_access_iterator I1, std::sized_sentinel_for<I1> S1,
std::random_access_iterator I2, std::sized_sentinel_for<I2> S2,
class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
requires std::indirectly_comparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
ranges::subrange<I1> find_end( Ep&& policy, I1 first1, S1 last1,
I2 first2, S2 last2, Pred pred = {},
Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {} );
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(3) | (C++26 起) |
template< /*execution-policy*/ Ep,
/*sized-random-access-range*/ R1,
/*sized-random-access-range*/ R2,
class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
requires std::indirectly_comparable<ranges::iterator_t<R1>,
ranges::iterator_t<R2>,
Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
ranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R1>
find_end( Ep&& policy, R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {},
Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {} );
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(4) | (C++26 起) |
/*execution-policy*/ 的定义见此页;/*sized-random-access-range*/ 的定义见此页。
在源范围中搜索目标范围最后一次出现的位置。用二元谓词 pred 比较(分别以 proj1 和 proj2 投影后的)元素。
1) 源范围是
[first1, last1),目标范围是 [first2, last2)。2) 源范围是
r1,目标范围是 r2。3,4) 同 (1,2),但按照
policy 执行。此页面上描述的函数式实体是算法函数对象(非正式地称为 niebloid),即:
参数
| first1, last1 | - | 表示源范围的迭代器-哨位对 |
| first2, last2 | - | 表示目标范围的迭代器-哨位对 |
| r1 | - | 源范围 |
| r2 | - | 目标范围 |
| pred | - | 会应用到(投影后的)元素的谓词 |
| proj1 | - | 会应用到源范围中元素的投影 |
| proj2 | - | 会应用到目标范围中元素的投影 |
| policy | - | 所用的执行策略 |
返回值
对应源范围中目标范围的最后一次出现的子范围。
如果目标范围为空或没有在源范围中出现,那么就会返回空范围。
复杂度
给定 \(\scriptsize N_1\)N1 为 std::distance(first1, last1) 或 ranges::distance(r1),\(\scriptsize N_2\)N2 为 std::distance(first2, last2) 或 ranges::distance(r2):
1,2) 最多应用 \(\scriptsize N_2\cdot(N_1-N_2+1)\)N2⋅(N1-N2+1) 次
pred 和 proj。3,4) 应用 \(\scriptsize \mathcal{O}(N_2\cdot(N_1-N_2+1))\)𝓞(N2⋅(N1-N2+1)) 次
pred 和 proj。异常
3,4) 在执行过程中:
- 如果并行化所需的临时内存资源不可用,那么就会抛出 std::bad_alloc。
- 如果在通过算法实参访问对象时抛出了未捕获的异常,那么行为由执行策略决定(标准策略会调用 std::terminate)。
注解
如果迭代器类型实现了 bidirectional_iterator,那么实现可以通过从末尾到起始搜索改进效率。实现 random_access_iterator 可能提升比较速度。然而所有这些不改变最差情况的理论复杂度。
可能的实现
struct find_end_fn
{
template<std::forward_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1,
std::forward_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2,
class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity>
requires std::indirectly_comparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
constexpr ranges::subrange<I1>
operator()(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, Pred pred = {},
Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const
{
if (first2 == last2)
{
auto last_it = ranges::next(first1, last1);
return {last_it, last_it};
}
auto result = ranges::search(std::move(first1), last1,
first2, last2, pred, proj1, proj2);
if (result.empty())
return result;
for (;;)
{
auto new_result = ranges::search(std::next(result.begin()), last1,
first2, last2, pred, proj1, proj2);
if (new_result.empty())
return result;
else
result = std::move(new_result);
}
}
template<ranges::forward_range R1, ranges::forward_range R2,
class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
class Proj1 = std::identity,
class Proj2 = std::identity>
requires std::indirectly_comparable<ranges::iterator_t<R1>,
ranges::iterator_t<R2>,
Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
constexpr ranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R1>
operator()(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {},
Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const
{
return (*this)(ranges::begin(r1),
ranges::next(ranges::begin(r1), ranges::end(r1)),
ranges::begin(r2),
ranges::next(ranges::begin(r2), ranges::end(r2)),
std::move(pred), std::move(proj1), std::move(proj2));
}
};
inline constexpr find_end_fn find_end{};
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示例
运行此代码
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <cctype>
#include <iostream>
#include <ranges>
#include <string_view>
void print(const auto haystack, const auto needle)
{
const auto pos = std::distance(haystack.begin(), needle.begin());
std::cout << "在 \"";
for (const auto c : haystack)
std::cout << c;
std::cout << "\" 的 [" << pos << ".." << pos + needle.size() << ")"
<< "位置找到了 \"";
for (const auto c : needle)
std::cout << c;
std::cout << "\"\n" << std::string(4 + pos, ' ')
<< std::string(needle.size(), '^') << '\n';
}
int main()
{
using namespace std::literals;
using std::ranges::find_end;
constexpr auto secret{"password password word..."sv};
constexpr auto wanted{"password"sv};
constexpr auto found1 = find_end(secret.cbegin(), secret.cend(),
wanted.cbegin(), wanted.cend());
print(secret, found1);
constexpr auto found2 = find_end(secret, "word"sv);
print(secret, found2);
const auto found3 = find_end(secret, "ORD"sv,
[](const char x, const char y)
{ // 用二元谓词
return std::tolower(x) == std::tolower(y);
});
print(secret, found3);
const auto found4 = find_end(secret, "SWORD"sv, {}, {},
[](char c) { return std::tolower(c); }); // 投影第二范围
print(secret, found4);
static_assert(find_end(secret, "PASS"sv).empty()); // => 找不到
}
输出:
在 "password password word..." 的 [9..17) 位置找到了 "password"
^^^^^^^^
在 "password password word..." 的 [18..22) 位置找到了 "word"
^^^^
在 "password password word..." 的 [19..22) 位置找到了 "ord"
^^^
在 "password password word..." 的 [12..17) 位置找到了 "sword"
^^^^^
参阅
| 查找元素序列在特定范围中最后一次出现 (函数模板) | |
(C++23)(C++23)(C++23) |
查找最后一个满足特定条件的元素 (算法函数对象) |
(C++20)(C++20)(C++20) |
查找首个满足特定条件的元素 (算法函数对象) |
(C++20) |
搜索一组元素中任一元素 (算法函数对象) |
(C++20) |
查找首对相同(或满足给定谓词)的相邻元素 (算法函数对象) |
(C++20) |
搜索元素范围的首次出现 (算法函数对象) |
(C++20) |
搜索元素在范围中首次连续若干次出现 (算法函数对象) |