There are several existing issues (e.g. #18748 and #35866) where at least part of the problem is that GNU libc tried to dlopen() `libgcc_s.so` at a moment when that's not safe, e.g. during thread or process shutdown. This converts a recoverable error into a deadlock or crash.
This is arguably a bug in glibc, but Python can easily work around it by linking the core interpreter (the `python` executable and/or `libpython.so`) with libgcc_s at build time (`-lgcc_s`) on Linux. It will then be loaded already if and when it's needed, and glibc won't try to load it on demand.
In order for this to be 100% reliable, it needs to be at least theoretically possible for code within the interpreter to call a function defined in libgcc_s.so. `_Unwind_Backtrace` is probably the most practical option. (See https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/LSB_5.0.0/LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/baselib--unwind-backtrace.html .)
> This is arguably a bug in glibc, but Python can easily work around it by linking the core interpreter (the `python` executable and/or `libpython.so`) with libgcc_s at build time (`-lgcc_s`) on Linux. It will then be loaded already if and when it's needed, and glibc won't try to load it on demand.
I fixed the issue differently in bpo-44434.
I mark this issue as a duplicate of bpo-44434.