Issue 43774: [Doc] Document configure options in the Python documentation

Attached PR documents configure, compiler and linker options to build Python.

New changeset a41782cc84bcd813209a03e6e11c60e77dbc7718 by Victor Stinner in branch 'master':
bpo-43774: Document configure options (GH-25283)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/a41782cc84bcd813209a03e6e11c60e77dbc7718

With Sphinx 2, there is an error on the Docs PR job of Azure Pipelines:

Warning, treated as error:
/home/vsts/work/1/s/Doc/using/configure.rst:416:unknown option: --enable-universalsdk

The following syntax fails on the Docs PR job of the Azure Pipelines:
------------------
.. cmdoption:: --with-cxx-main
.. cmdoption:: --with-cxx-main=COMPILER

   Compile the Python ``main()`` function and link Python executable with C++
   compiler: ``$CXX``, or *COMPILER* if specified.
------------------

Error:
------------------
Warning, treated as error:
/home/vsts/work/1/s/Doc/using/configure.rst:47:Duplicate explicit target name: "cmdoption--with-cxx-main".
Makefile:49: recipe for target 'build' failed
------------------

> The following syntax fails on the Docs PR job of the Azure Pipelines:

It uses Sphinx 2.2.0. Do we still support Spinx 2.2.0?

Collecting sphinx==2.2.0
...
Successfully installed Jinja2-2.11.3 MarkupSafe-1.1.1 Pygments-2.8.1 alabaster-0.7.12 babel-2.9.0 blurb-1.0.8 certifi-2020.12.5 chardet-4.0.0 docutils-0.17 idna-2.10 imagesize-1.2.0 packaging-20.9 pyparsing-2.4.7 python-docs-theme-2020.12 pytz-2021.1 requests-2.25.1 snowballstemmer-2.1.0 sphinx-2.2.0 sphinxcontrib-applehelp-1.0.2 sphinxcontrib-devhelp-1.0.2 sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp-1.0.3 sphinxcontrib-jsmath-1.0.1 sphinxcontrib-qthelp-1.0.3 sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml-1.1.4 urllib3-1.26.4

New changeset 54366953633dbe5d9585dbae0c633d4e92df2d04 by Victor Stinner in branch 'master':
bpo-43774: Enhance configure documentation (GH-25293)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/54366953633dbe5d9585dbae0c633d4e92df2d04

I wrote PR 25296 to reuse Doc/requirements.txt in the Docs PR job of Azure Pipelines. It installs Sphinx 3.2.1 as expected, and with this version, no warning is emitted.

Thanks for adding this.

New changeset f7be26a8f2ed588df90959ae7c0fdcafe2091f76 by Victor Stinner in branch 'master':
bpo-43774: Doc job of Azure Pipelines uses Doc/requirements.txt (GH-25296)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/f7be26a8f2ed588df90959ae7c0fdcafe2091f76

Raymond:
> Thanks for adding this.

You're welcome :-) I plan to send an email to python-dev to ask for reviews. I hesitated to ask for a review on the PR, but honestly, it's painful to read plain text Sphinx. I prefer to read HTML ;-)

New changeset bd88ccb943c0ea672c14a87e76157fade4feae11 by Victor Stinner in branch 'master':
bpo-43774: Document the Python Build System (GH-25302)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/bd88ccb943c0ea672c14a87e76157fade4feae11

New changeset 2459b92a4db69d9b14d0a86a9b81cc075894e910 by Victor Stinner in branch 'master':
bpo-43774: Remove --without-cycle-gc doc (GH-25364)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/2459b92a4db69d9b14d0a86a9b81cc075894e910

New changeset 85918e4ab6e9410008aef6dedf000d24b3e120ea by Victor Stinner in branch 'master':
bpo-43774: Add more links to configure options (GH-25363)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/85918e4ab6e9410008aef6dedf000d24b3e120ea

New changeset 645ed62fb4c09b7e23887fcca0767b0f2d7d3fd6 by Victor Stinner in branch 'master':
bpo-43774: Remove unused PYMALLOC_DEBUG macro (GH-25711)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/645ed62fb4c09b7e23887fcca0767b0f2d7d3fd6

New changeset abfd6388cdba376a72686df52a9a98b2d558271b by Victor Stinner in branch 'master':
bpo-43774: Enhance debug build documentation (GH-25712)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/abfd6388cdba376a72686df52a9a98b2d558271b

The documentation is now online: https://docs.python.org/dev/using/configure.html

stage: patch review -> resolved