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See also Issue 22374, where an equivalent of “patch.object” is suggested as an example context manager for the “contextlib” documentation.
If we added a plain function or context manager rather than a new TestCase method, it might avoid the worries about bloating the API. Then it could be a generic thing for any kind of testing, and not coupled with the “unittest” framework.
About cleanup functions more generally, I think they already tie in well with the TestCase.addCleanup() API. Perhaps it could handle general context managers as well though, by inheriting an ExitStack.enter_context() method or providing an ExitStack attribute.