#4804 has most of the prior discussion, but here's some code that will cause the process to terminate:
import os
os.close(3)
The instant termination rather than OSError is why _PyVerify_fd exists at all, and that's only there because when the behaviour was disabled globally users complained (#3545 and #4804).
You are correct that _PyVerify_fd is used in more places where it should be updated (specifically _io/fileio.c and fileutils.c). It only makes sense where it's protecting a call into a CRT function though, so not all of these places should be changed. I'll make updates.
This is why I beg for reviews - I know that I'll miss things :)