Using timeit to microbenchmark dict operations (constructor, __setitem__, __delitem__, clear), I get exactly the same performance or even better performance (???) with the patch.
./python -m timeit 'd={1: 0}; d[2]=0; d[3]=0; d[4]=0; del d[1]; del d[2]; d.clear()'
Original: 318 ns
Patched: 318 ns
./python -m timeit 'd={i:i for i in range(2**16)}' 'for i in range(2**16): d[i]=i-1' 'for i in range(2**16): d[i]=i+1' 'for i in range(2**15): del d[i]' 'd.clear()'
Original: 19.9 ms
Patched: 18.9 ms (5% faster)