[v11.x] backport warning handler refactoring by joyeecheung · Pull Request #26670 · nodejs/node

In addition, shim `process._deprecatedDebugBrk` in pre-execution.
This is a non-semver-major v11.x backport for
nodejs#25828.

Refs: nodejs#25828

Since we should treat the node-inspect as third-party
user code.

PR-URL: nodejs#26466
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>

Since it depends on environment variables.

PR-URL: nodejs#26466
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>

Since this depends on environment variable, and the worker threads
do not need to persist the variable value because they cannot
switch cwd.

PR-URL: nodejs#26466
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>