std::ranges::inplace_merge - cppreference.com

若对应指向序列的任何迭代器 it 与使得 it + n 为指向序列元素的合法迭代器的任何非负整数 n， std::invoke(comp, std::invoke(proj, *(it + n)), std::invoke(proj, *it))) 求值为 false，则称序列为按照比较器 comp 与投影 proj 有序。

若额外内存可用，则准确比较 N − 1 次，其中 N = ranges::distance(first, last)。否则比较 𝓞(N•log(N)) 次。另外在两种情况下都进行二倍次数的投影。

struct inplace_merge_fn
{
    template<std::bidirectional_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,
             class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = std::identity>
    requires std::sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
    constexpr I operator()(I first, I middle, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {}) const
    {
        I last_it = ranges::next(middle, last);
        inplace_merge_slow(first, middle, last_it,
                           ranges::distance(first, middle),
                           ranges::distance(middle, last_it),
                           std::ref(comp), std::ref(proj));
        return last_it;
    }

    template<ranges::bidirectional_range R, class Comp = ranges::less,
             class Proj = std::identity>
    requires std::sortable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
    constexpr ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>
        operator()(R&& r, ranges::iterator_t<R> middle,
                   Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {}) const
    {
        return (*this)(ranges::begin(r), std::move(middle), ranges::end(r),
                       std::move(comp), std::move(proj));
    }

private:
    template<class I, class Comp, class Proj>
    static constexpr void inplace_merge_slow(I first, I middle, I last,
                                             std::iter_difference_t<I> n1,
                                             std::iter_difference_t<I> n2,
                                             Comp comp, Proj proj)
    {
        if (n1 == 0 || n2 == 0)
            return;
        if (n1 + n2 == 2 && comp(proj(*middle), proj(*first)))
        {
            ranges::iter_swap(first, middle);
            return;
        }

        I cut1 = first, cut2 = middle;
        std::iter_difference_t<I> d1{}, d2{};

        if (n1 > n2)
        {
            d1 = n1 / 2;
            ranges::advance(cut1, d1);
            cut2 = ranges::lower_bound(middle, last, *cut1,
                                       std::ref(comp), std::ref(proj));
            d2 = ranges::distance(middle, cut2);
        }
        else
        {
            d2 = n2 / 2;
            ranges::advance(cut2, d2);
            cut1 = ranges::upper_bound(first, middle, *cut2,
                                       std::ref(comp), std::ref(proj));
            d1 = ranges::distance(first, cut1);
        }

        I new_middle = ranges::rotate(cut1, middle, cut2);
        inplace_merge_slow(first, cut1, new_middle, d1, d2,
                           std::ref(comp), std::ref(proj));
        inplace_merge_slow(new_middle, cut2, last, n1 - d1, n2 - d2,
                           std::ref(comp), std::ref(proj));
    }
};

inline constexpr inplace_merge_fn inplace_merge {};

#include <algorithm>
#include <complex>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>

void print(auto const& v, auto const& rem, int middle = -1)
{
    for (int i{}; auto n : v)
        std::cout << (i++ == middle ? "│ " : "") << n << ' ';
    std::cout << rem << '\n';
}

template<std::random_access_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S>
requires std::sortable<I>
void merge_sort(I first, S last)
{
    if (last - first > 1)
    {
        I middle{first + (last - first) / 2};
        merge_sort(first, middle);
        merge_sort(middle, last);
        std::ranges::inplace_merge(first, middle, last);
    }
}

int main()
{
    // 定制归并排序演示
    std::vector v {8, 2, 0, 4, 9, 8, 1, 7, 3};
    print(v, ": before sort");
    merge_sort(v.begin(), v.end());
    print(v, ": after sort\n");

    // 以比较函数对象和投影进行归并
    using CI = std::complex<int>;
    std::vector<CI> r{{0,1}, {0,2}, {0,3}, {1,1}, {1,2}};
    const auto middle{std::ranges::next(r.begin(), 3)};
    auto comp{std::ranges::less{}};
    auto proj{[](CI z) { return z.imag(); }};

    print(r, ": before merge", middle - r.begin());
    std::ranges::inplace_merge(r, middle, comp, proj);
    print(r, ": after merge");
}

输出：

8 2 0 4 9 8 1 7 3 : before sort
0 1 2 3 4 7 8 8 9 : after sort

(0,1) (0,2) (0,3) │ (1,1) (1,2) : before merge
(0,1) (1,1) (0,2) (1,2) (0,3) : after merge